Are we ready to meet LiDAR?

.title[
# Are we ready to meet LiDAR?
]
.subtitle[
## CASA0023 Week2
]
.author[
### Eunyoung Choi
]
.institute[
### UCL USS
]
.date[
### 2023/01/17 (updated: 2023-03-23)
]

---

# Hello LiDAR (FEAT.RADAR) ✋

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# Summary

## LiDAR
 * **Light** Detection And Ranging
 * to measure and scan the return time by emitting millions of laser pulses per second
 * to create high-resolution models of ground elevation with a vertical accuracy of 10cm

<img src="images/960x0.jpg" width="55%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
.center[LiDAR sensor image. [Source:Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/sites/sabbirrangwala/2020/04/12/there-must-be-860-ways-to-build-an-av-lidarpart-1/?sh=48144d69545c)]

---

# Summary

## LiDAR
.pull-left[
* High precision 
* Measure elevation and orientation accurately
* Detect temperature and object 
* Scan surroundings at night
]
 
.pull-right[ 
* High power consumption
* Not suitable for extensive navigation due to sensor limitations
* Highly influenced by the environment (e.g. humidity, snow, rain, fog etc.)
]

## RADAR
 * **RAdio** Detection And Ranging
 * to determine the distance, angle of objects relative to the site using radio waves
 * LiDAR and RADAR are used complementarily!

Source: <a name=cite-gohring2011></a>[Göhring, Wang, Schnürmacher, and Ganjineh (2011)](#bib-gohring2011)

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# Application

## LiDAR
 * Mounted on aircraft or satellites for precise geographical and environmental observations
 * a crackdown on motor vehicle speed violations
 * Laser scanner for 3D image restoration
 * 3D image sensor for driverless vehicles

## RADAR
 * Detects aircraft, ships, spacecraft, miles, cars, and terrain
 * Finding the depth of the deep sea 
 * Used for weather observation, emergency braking devices of vehicles and rear detection system

#### **Both** are most recently used in **self-driving car technology** 🚗
Source : <a name=cite-campbell2018></a>[Campbell, O'Mahony, Krpalcova, Riordan, Walsh, Murphy, and Ryan (2018)](#bib-campbell2018)

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# Reflection

* Learning Lidar as one of the remote sensing data measuring devices, I was surprised as **we use cutting-edge technology in our daily lives.** For example, I thought it was used only for aerial photography, but even radio waves are used in microwave ovens!

* I am looking forward to how this technology, which is currently the core of autonomous vehicle development, will change our future. And I wish this technology could use as **a solution for climate change.**

<img src="images/6c6a37ee9787cc1585c5ce466b50f9da.gif" width="55%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
.center[[Source:Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com/pin/93590498485503110/)]

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# Reference

<a name=bib-campbell2018></a>[Campbell, S., N. O'Mahony, L. Krpalcova,
et al.](#cite-campbell2018) (2018). "Sensor Technology in Autonomous
Vehicles : A Review". In: _2018 29th Irish Signals and Systems
Conference (ISSC)_. 2018 29th Irish Signals and Systems Conference
(ISSC). , pp. 1-4.

<a name=bib-gohring2011></a>[Göhring, D., M. Wang, M. Schnürmacher, et
al.](#cite-gohring2011) (2011). "Radar/Lidar Sensor Fusion for
Car-Following on Highways". In: _The 5th International Conference on
Automation, Robotics and Applications_. The 5th International
Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications. , pp. 407-412.

Bridges,A. 2015. Explainer: What are lidar, radar and sonar?. [Online]. [Accessed 1 May 2015]. Available from: https://www.snexplores.org/article/explainer-what-are-lidar-radar-and-sonar

USGS science for a changing world. 2023. What is Lidar data and where can I download it?. [Online]. [Accessed 23 March 2023]. Available from: https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-lidar-data-and-where-can-i-download-it

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# DONE! Fancy a cuppa? 🍵